تعیین روابط بین بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب در کشت ارقام گندم نان (مطالعه موردی: استان قزوین)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.

10.22034/arwe.2024.709855

چکیده

در این پژوهش، بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب در کشت ارقام گندم نان (در سال زراعی 99-1398 و در استان قزوین) بررسی شد. تیمارهای اصلی شامل کشت بدون آبیاری و آبیاری کامل و تیمارهای فرعی شامل ارقام سرخ تخم (E1)، بک‌کراس روشن (E2)، بم (E3)، آذر 2 (E4) و کویر (E5) بود. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار اجرا شد. در ارقام مختلف، مقدار زیست‌توده خشک دانه و کاه گندم به‌ترتیب بین 3495-4377 و 3501-4363 کیلوگرم بر هکتار (در کشت بدون آبیاری) و بین 5022-9027 و 4525-8440 کیلوگرم بر هکتار (در آبیاری کامل) اندازه‌گیری شد. در نتیجه رقم بک‌کراس روشن (کشت آبی) به‌عنوان رقم مناسب گندم نان معرفی شد. مقدار بهره‌وری فیزیکی آب در تولید دانه، کاه و زیست‌توده رقم بک‌کراس روشن، به‌ترتیب برابر با 67/1، 57/1 و 24/3 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود. هم‌چنین میزان بهره‌وری اقتصادی آب برای پارامترهای فوق به‌ترتیب 68791، 39896 و 124842ریال بر مترمکعب برآورد شد. با تغییر رقم بذر، مقدار بهره‌وری اقتصادی آب در کشت آبی 20% (نسبت به کشت دیم) افزایش یافت. با استفاده از روابط تجربی، مقدار بهره‌وری اقتصادی آب بر اساس بهره‌وری فیزیکی آب شبیه‌سازی شد. رابطه درجه دوم با ضریب تبیین (R2) 996/0 به‌عنوان مدل بهینه شناخته شد. نتایج نشان داد که ارقام بذر با مصرف آب زیاد و بازده اقتصادی کم، باید از الگوی کشت گیاهان زراعی حذف شوند. با این کار ضمن مصرف بهینه منابع آب باکیفیت در بخش کشاورزی، منافع اقتصادی بیشتر برای کشاورزان فراهم می‌گردد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the Relationship between Physical and Economic Productivity of Water in the Cultivation of Bread Wheat Cultivars (Case Study: Qazvin Province)

نویسنده [English]

  • Reza Saeidi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this research, the physical and economic productivity of water was investigated in cultivation of bread wheat cultivars (in Qazvin, Iran in 2020). The main treatments were included rainfed and irrigated cultivation, and the sub-treatments were included cultivars of Sorkh-tokhm (E1), Backcross Roshan (E2), Bam (E3), Azar2 (E4) and Kavir (E5). The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design and with three replications. The amount of dry biomass, grain and straw was measured between 3495-4377 and 3501-4363 kg.ha-1 (in rainfed cultivation) and between 5022-9027 and 4525-8440 kg.ha-1 (in full irrigation), respectively. As a result, the Backcross Roshan cultivar (in full irrigation) was introduced as a suitable bread wheat cultivar. The amounts of physical water productivity in production of seeds, straw and biomass of Backcross Roshan cultivar were 1.67, 1.57 and 3.24 kg.m-3, respectively. Also, the economic water productivity for above parameters was estimated as 68,791, 39,896 and 124,842 Iranian rials.m-3, respectively. By changing the seed cultivar, the economic water productivity amount in full irrigation cultivation was increased to 20% (in compared to rainfed cultivation). By using the empirical models, economic water productivity amount was simulated based on the physical water productivity. The polynomial model with the R2 coefficient = 0.996, was recognized as the optimal model. The results showed that the seed cultivars with high water consumption and low economic productivity, should be removed from the region crop cultivation pattern. By the optimal use of fresh water resources in the agricultural sector, are provided the more economic benefits for farmers.   

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Experimental model
  • Virtual water
  • Water require
  • Yield
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