پژوهش های کاربردی مهندسی آب

پژوهش های کاربردی مهندسی آب

تعیین عمق بهینه برای آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی نیشکر تحت مدیریت بقایای گیاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران.
2 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
چکیده
برای طراحی یک سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی مناسب برای نیشکر، آزمایشی در موسسه‌ی آموزش و تحقیقات نیشکر خوزستان انجام شد. این آزمایش با طرح کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی، مدیریت مالچ در دو سطح: حذف بقایای گیاهی با سوزاندن آن‌ها، و باقی‌ماندن بقایای نیشکر در سطح خاک پس از برداشت بود. فاکتور فرعی عمق نصب قطره‌چکان در سه سطح: عمق نصب cm 15، cm 25 و cm 35 بود. اثرات اصلی و متقابل تیمارها بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی محصول نیشکر در راتون اول مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پارامترهای کمی عملکرد شامل وزن ساقه‌ها به‌عنوان عملکرد و مجموع وزن ساقه‌ها، برگ‌ها و سرنی‌ها به‌عنوان زیست توده کل در نظر گرفته شد. پارامترهای کیفی نیز شامل پل، بریکس، خلوص شربت، عملکرد شکر قهوه‌ای و عملکرد شکر بودند. براساس نتایج افزایش عمق نصب قطره‌چکان‌ها به دلیل تجمع رطوبت در ناحیه‌ای پایین‌تر از عمق موثر ریشه، منجر به کاهش عملکرد شد. علاوه‌بر این، استفاده از مالچ به‌طور متوسط عملکرد کمی را برای پارامترهای زیست توده و WUE به‌ترتیب 89/14، 8/17 و 9/14 درصد کاهش داد. همچنین،عمق نصب25 سانتی‌متری با عملکرد 6/132 تن در هکتار، زیست توده 1/231 تن در هکتار و WUE 4/6 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب در حالت بدون مالچ و عملکرد 14/111 تن در هکتار، زیست توده 5/193 تن در هکتار و WUE 36/5 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب در حالت مدیریت بقایای گیاهی نتایج بهتری نسبت به سایر عمق‌های نصب قطره‌چکان از خود نشان داد. این در حالی است که وجود مالچ موجب افزایش غیرمعنی‌دار برخی پارامترهای کیفی شد. به‌طوری که با وجود مالچ، عملکرد شکر قهوه‌ای و بریکس در همه‌ی تیمارها افزایش یافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Determination of the Optimum Depth for Subsurface Drip Irrigation of Sugarcane under Crop Residue Management

نویسندگان English

Dorsa Namdarian 1
Saeid Boroomand Nasab 2
1 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering department, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering department, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده English

To design a suitable subsurface drip irrigation system for sugarcane, an experiment was conducted at the Khuzestan Sugarcane Research and Training Institute. This experiment utilized a split-plot design within a completely randomized block framework with three replications. The main factor was mulch management at two levels: removal of plant residues through burning and retention of sugarcane residues on the soil surface after harvesting. The subplot factor was the installation depth of the drippers at three levels: 15 cm, 25 cm, and 35 cm. The main and interaction effects of the treatments on both the quantitative and qualitative performance of the first ratoon sugarcane were investigated. Quantitative performance parameters included stalk weight as yield and the total weight of stalks, leaves, and tops as total biomass. Qualitative parameters included POL, Brix, syrup purity, brown sugar yield, and sugar yield. According to the results, increasing the depth of dripper installation resulted in reduced yield due to moisture accumulation in a zone below the effective root depth. Additionally, the use of mulch reduced quantitative performance for biomass and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) by 14.89%, 17.8%, and 14.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the 25 cm installation depth showed better results compared to other dripper installation depths, with a yield of 132.6 ton ha-1, biomass of 231.1 ton ha-1, and a WUE of 6.4 kg m-3 under non-mulch conditions, and a yield of 111.4 ton ha-1, biomass of 193.5 ton ha-1, and a WUE of 5.36 kg m-3 under plant residue management conditions. Meanwhile, the presence of mulch led to a non-significant increase in some qualitative parameters, as brown sugar yield and Brix increased in all treatments despite the use of mulch.It is noteworthy that the presence of mulch caused a statistically insignificant but observable increase in certain qualitative parameters. Specifically, the presence of mulch resulted in increased brown sugar yield and Brix levels across all treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Brix
Brown Sugar
Dripper
Mulch
Sugarcane yield
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دوره 1، شماره 2
دی 1404
صفحه 249-262

  • تاریخ دریافت 01 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 13 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 اسفند 1404