نوع مقاله : مروری
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the fundamental and persistent challenges to the sustainability of horticultural production. In recent years, climate change, rising temperatures, and declining rainfall have intensified the pressure on both surface and groundwater resources. These conditions have made the need for intelligent and efficient water management in horticulture more critical than ever. The present study aims to propose practical strategies for sustainable water management in orchards located in Iran’s dry regions, focusing on three innovative irrigation techniques: Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI), Partial Root-zone Drying (PRD), and Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI). These methods, through precise control of irrigation timing and volume, can reduce water consumption by 30–50% without significant yield loss and, in some cases, even enhance product quality. In the RDI method, specific growth stages of the plant are deliberately subjected to limited water stress to increase water use efficiency. The PRD method involves irrigating only part of the root zone while keeping the other part dry, stimulating physiological responses that reduce water consumption. The SDI system delivers water directly to the root zone below the soil surface, minimizing surface evaporation. Successful implementation of these approaches requires continuous soil moisture monitoring using tools such as tensiometers and moisture sensors, the use of accurate climatic data for irrigation scheduling, and hands-on training for orchardists. Findings indicate that integrating these irrigation techniques with supportive policies such as financial incentives, field-based education, and digital extension services can significantly improve water productivity, reduce pressure on groundwater resources, and enhance the resilience of horticultural production against drought. Ultimately, it is recommended that agricultural managers and policymakers focus on developing smart irrigation systems, modernizing outdated irrigation networks, and promoting farmer participation in local decision-making to facilitate the transition toward sustainable horticulture in the country’s dry regions.
کلیدواژهها English